Due Diligence and Site Assessment

Soil Testing

The analysis of soil samples to assess construction feasibility or environmental contamination — required for new construction and central to any Phase II environmental investigation.

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Definition

Soil testing is the analysis of soil samples from a property to assess characteristics relevant to construction feasibility or environmental contamination. Soil testing serves two distinct purposes: geotechnical testing evaluates soil bearing capacity and composition for new construction, while environmental soil testing, typically part of a Phase II ESA, checks for contamination.

Geotechnical vs environmental soil testing

Testing typePurpose
Geotechnical soil testingAssess bearing capacity and composition for construction design
Environmental soil testingCheck for contamination, typically as part of Phase II ESA

What to watch for before committing

Correct testing type for your purpose

Confirm whether you need geotechnical testing (for construction) or environmental testing (for contamination), since these serve different purposes.

Qualified testing firm engagement

Engage a qualified geotechnical engineering firm or environmental consultant appropriate to your specific testing need.

Sampling location adequacy

For environmental testing, confirm sampling locations adequately cover areas identified as higher risk during a Phase I assessment.

Construction design implications

For geotechnical testing, understand how soil characteristics might affect foundation design and construction cost for new development.

Timeline and cost expectations

Get realistic timeline and cost estimates, since soil testing, particularly with laboratory analysis, can take several weeks.

Regulatory reporting requirements

Understand any regulatory reporting obligations triggered by environmental soil testing results.

When you need to know this

  • Ground-up construction or development — assessing soil bearing capacity for foundation design
  • Following up on Phase I ESA findings — confirming or ruling out contamination through environmental soil testing
  • Purchasing land for future development — understanding construction feasibility and cost implications from soil conditions
  • Properties with historical industrial use — investigating potential contamination through environmental soil testing

Frequently asked questions

What is soil testing? +
Soil testing is the analysis of soil samples from a property to assess characteristics relevant to construction feasibility or environmental contamination.
What is the difference between geotechnical and environmental soil testing? +
Geotechnical soil testing evaluates soil bearing capacity and composition for construction design purposes, while environmental soil testing checks for contamination, typically as part of a Phase II environmental site assessment.
When is geotechnical soil testing needed? +
Geotechnical testing is typically needed for ground-up construction or significant development projects, since soil characteristics directly affect foundation design and construction cost.
How long does soil testing take? +
This varies based on scope and testing type, but soil testing, particularly with laboratory analysis for environmental testing, commonly takes several weeks to complete.

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