Lease Types and Structures

Percentage Lease

A lease structure with rent calculated as a base amount plus a percentage of the tenant's gross sales — common in retail but rarely used in industrial real estate.

Home Glossary Lease Types and Structures Percentage Lease
Definition

A percentage lease is a lease structure in which rent is calculated as a base amount plus a percentage of the tenant's gross sales above a specified breakpoint. Percentage leases are the dominant structure in retail real estate, but are rare in industrial and warehouse leasing, appearing mainly in retail-adjacent industrial uses like showroom or direct-to-consumer distribution facilities.

Why percentage leases are uncommon in industrial

Percentage leases align landlord income with tenant sales performance, which works well in retail where foot traffic and location directly drive revenue. Industrial tenants, by contrast, typically generate revenue through activities disconnected from the physical property itself — a distribution center's throughput doesn't correlate with landlord-influenced factors the way retail store traffic does — making this structure a poor fit for most warehouse leasing.

What to watch for before committing

Sales reporting requirements

If negotiating a percentage lease, understand what sales reporting and audit rights the landlord requires.

Breakpoint calculation

Confirm exactly how the sales breakpoint (threshold above which percentage rent applies) is calculated and adjusted over time.

Applicability to your business model

Evaluate whether a percentage structure genuinely fits your revenue model, since it's atypical for most industrial operations.

Confidentiality of sales data

Understand what sales data you'd need to disclose to the landlord and how confidentiality is protected.

Audit rights and disputes

Clarify the landlord's audit rights regarding your reported sales and how disputes would be resolved.

Comparing total cost to standard structures

Model total occupancy cost under a percentage structure against standard NNN or gross alternatives before agreeing to this less common approach.

When you need to know this

  • Retail-adjacent industrial uses — showroom or direct-to-consumer facilities where a percentage structure might apply
  • Understanding uncommon lease structures — recognizing why this structure rarely appears in standard warehouse leasing
  • Negotiating unconventional lease terms — evaluating whether a percentage structure could benefit either party in a specific deal
  • Comparing structures for retail-industrial hybrid uses — understanding the trade-offs of a sales-linked rent structure

Frequently asked questions

What is a percentage lease? +
A percentage lease is a lease structure in which rent is calculated as a base amount plus a percentage of the tenant's gross sales above a specified breakpoint, common in retail real estate.
Is a percentage lease common for warehouse space? +
No, percentage leases are rare in industrial and warehouse leasing, since industrial tenant revenue is typically disconnected from the physical property in ways that don't fit this structure well.
What is a sales breakpoint in a percentage lease? +
A breakpoint is the sales threshold above which percentage rent applies, on top of the base rent, and is a key negotiated term in any percentage lease structure.
Where might a percentage lease appear in industrial real estate? +
It's most likely to appear in retail-adjacent industrial uses, such as showroom space or certain direct-to-consumer distribution facilities where sales performance has a more direct connection to the leased space.

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