Lease Types and Structures

Gross Lease

A lease structure where the landlord absorbs property taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs inside the quoted rent, giving the tenant one predictable monthly payment.

Home Glossary Lease Types and Structures Gross Lease
Definition

A gross lease is a lease structure in which the landlord pays property taxes, building insurance, and common area maintenance costs out of the quoted rent, rather than billing them separately to the tenant. The tenant pays one fixed monthly amount, making budgeting simpler but shifting expense risk to the landlord — who typically prices that risk into a higher base rent than a comparable triple net lease.

How a gross lease works

Under a gross lease, the quoted rent is the tenant's entire real estate cost — taxes, insurance, and CAM are baked in and managed entirely by the landlord. This is common in office and some multi-tenant flex buildings, but relatively rare in single-tenant industrial space, where NNN is the norm.

Because the landlord bears the risk of rising taxes or insurance premiums, gross lease rents are typically priced higher than the base rent portion of a comparable NNN deal — the landlord is charging a premium to absorb that variability.

Gross lease vs triple net: cost comparison

Cost itemGross leaseTriple net (NNN) lease
Base rentHigher (includes cost buffer)Lower (quoted alone)
Property taxesIncluded in rentBilled separately to tenant
InsuranceIncluded in rentBilled separately to tenant
CAMIncluded in rentBilled separately to tenant
Cost predictabilityHigh — fixed monthly costLower — can rise with reassessments

What to watch for before committing

All-in cost comparison

Always compare a gross lease's total rent against a NNN lease's base rent plus estimated pass-throughs — not the headline numbers alone.

Expense stop clauses

Some "gross" leases include an expense stop, where the tenant pays increases above a base-year expense level — read the fine print.

What's actually excluded

Confirm whether utilities, janitorial, or interior maintenance are truly included or billed separately despite the "gross" label.

Landlord's incentive to control costs

With operating costs baked into rent, landlords have less incentive to minimize CAM spending — ask about their cost history.

Renewal rent resets

Gross lease renewal rent often resets to reflect the landlord's updated cost basis — ask how renewal pricing is calculated.

Building type fit

Gross leases are far more common in office and multi-tenant flex space than in single-tenant industrial — confirm this structure is actually standard for the property type you're considering.

When you need to know this

  • Budgeting certainty — tenants who need a single fixed occupancy cost for financial planning
  • Multi-tenant flex or office-heavy industrial — buildings where shared costs are harder to bill transparently per tenant
  • Short-term occupancy — tenants who want to avoid CAM reconciliation complexity for a brief lease term
  • Comparing quotes across buildings — normalizing gross and NNN quotes to the same all-in cost basis before deciding

Frequently asked questions

What is included in a gross lease? +
A gross lease typically includes base rent, property taxes, building insurance, and common area maintenance all in a single quoted monthly rent. The tenant usually still pays for its own utilities and interior janitorial unless otherwise negotiated.
Is a gross lease more expensive than a triple net lease? +
The headline rent is usually higher because the landlord builds in a buffer for taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs. However, the true all-in cost can be similar or even lower than NNN once pass-through charges are added — always compare total occupancy cost, not just base rent.
What is an expense stop in a gross lease? +
An expense stop sets a base-year level for operating expenses; if actual costs rise above that level in later years, the tenant pays the difference. This effectively makes the lease partially triple net after the base year, so it's important to clarify before signing.
Are gross leases common in industrial real estate? +
They're less common than triple net leases in single-tenant industrial buildings, but do appear in multi-tenant flex space, smaller industrial suites, and some office/warehouse hybrid buildings.

Ready to compare lease structures?

Browse available industrial listings across every U.S. market, or get a free availability report from our team.